A+

摘要

公司各个业务线的安装包小则几十兆、大则几百兆，使用自建的升级系统向全国百万级用户下发新版本时，流量耗费相当惊人。有时新版本仅仅改了几个 dll ，总变更量不过几十 K 而已，也要发布一个完整版本。为了降低流量费用，我们推出了补丁升级的方式：产品组将修改的 dll 单独挑选出来，加上一个配置文件压缩成包，上传到自建的升级后台；在客户端，识别到补丁包类型后，手动解压并替换各个 dll 完成安装（之前是直接启动下载好的安装包）。这种方式一经推出，受到了业务线的追捧。然而在使用过程中，也发现一些问题，就是在修改完一个源文件后，受影响的往往不止一个 dll，如果仅把其中一两个 dll 替换了，没替换的 dll 很可能就会和新的 dll 产生接口不兼容，从而引发崩溃。而有的安装包包含了几十个、上百个 dll，如果一一对比，非常费时费力。特别是一些 dll 仅仅是编译时间不一样，通过普通的文件对比工具，根本无法判断这个 dll 的源码有没有改过，这让开发人员非常头大。

便宜好用的国外VPS推荐

问题的提出

问题的解决

其实这个问题用 c++ 写个程序是可以解决的，但是一想到要遍历目录、构造文件名 map、对比两个目录中的文件名、对比相同文件名的内容、复制文件到目标目录、压缩目标目录…这一系列操作时，我觉得还是算了 —— 都得从头开始写，工作量不小。而 msys2 或 windows 中就有不少现成的命令可以用，例如对比目录可以用 diff -r 命令、对比 win32 可执行文件可以用 dumpbin /disasm 命令反编译然后再用 diff 命令对比、压缩文件夹可以使用 7z 命令等等，完全不用重复造轮子，直接用 shell 将它们粘合起来就完事了！下面就来看看我是怎么用 shell 脚本来写这个小工具吧。

处理命令行参数

这个脚本一开始先处理输入的命令行参数：

  1 # return code:   2 # 0 : success   3 # 1 : no difference   4 # 2 : compress failure   5 # 3 : create file/dir failure (privilege ?)   6 # 126 : file/dir existent   7 # 127 : invalid arguments   8    9 function usage ()  10 {  11     echo "Usage: diffpacker.sh -o oldversionfolder -n newversionfolder -r relativepath -x exportfolder -v version [-s sp] [-t (verbose)] [-e (exactmode)]"  12       13     exit 127  14 }  15   16 srcdir=  17 dstdir=  18 reldir=  19 outdir=  20 version=  21 sp=0  22 verbose=0  23 exactmode=0  24 setupdir="setup"  25 # pure windows utilities subdir  26 win32="win32"   27   28 if [ "${$*/-t//}" != "$*" ]; then  29     # dump parameters when verbose on  30     echo "total $# param(s):"  31     for var in $*; do  32         echo "$var"  33     done  34 fi  35   36   37 while getopts "o:n:r:x:v:s:te" arg   38 do  39     case $arg in  40         o)  41             srcdir=$OPTARG  42             ;;  43         n)  44             dstdir=$OPTARG  45             ;;  46         r)  47             reldir=$OPTARG  48             ;;  49         x)  50             outdir=$OPTARG  51             ;;  52         v)  53             version=$OPTARG  54             ;;  55         s)  56             sp=$OPTARG  57             ;;  58         t)  59             verbose=1  60             ;;  61         e)   62             exactmode=1  63             ;;  64         ?)    65             echo "unkonw argument: $arg"  66             usage  67             exit 127  68             ;;  69     esac  70 done  71   72 # reldir can be empty  73 if [ -z "$srcdir" -o -z "$dstdir" -o -z "$outdir" -o -z "$version" ]; then  74     echo "empty parameter found: $srcdir, $dstdir, $outdir, $version"  75     usage  76     exit 127  77 fi  78   79 #replace all  to / to avoid shell string choked on    80 srcdir=${srcdir//\//}  81 dstdir=${dstdir//\//}  82 reldir=${reldir//\//}  83 outdir=${outdir//\//}  84   85 echo "srcdir=$srcdir"  86 echo "dstdir=$dstdir"  87 echo "reldir=$reldir"  88 echo "outdir=$outdir"  89 echo "version=$version"  90 echo "sp=$sp"  91 echo "verbose=$verbose"  92 echo "exactmode=$exactmode"  93 echo ""  94   95 if [ ! -d "$srcdir" ]; then   96     echo "not a directory : $srcdir"  97     exit 126  98 fi  99  100 if [ ! -d "$dstdir" ]; then  101     echo "not a directory : $dstdir" 102     exit 126 103 fi 104  105 #if [ -e "$outdir" ]; then 106 resp=$(ls -A "$outdir") 107 if [ "$resp" != "" ]; then 108     echo "out directory not empty: $outdir, fatal error!" 109     exit 126 110 fi  111  112 if [ "${outdir:$((${#outdir}-1))}" == "/" ]; then  113     # remove tailing / 114     outdir=${outdir%?} 115 fi 116  117 if [ ! -z "$reldir" ] && [ "${reldir:$((${#reldir}-1))}" == "/" ]; then  118     # remove tailing / 119     reldir=${reldir%?} 120 fi 121  122 srcasm="src.asm" 123 dstasm="dst.asm" 124 dirdiff="dir.diff" 125 patdiff="diffpattern.txt" 126 itemcnt=0 127 jsonhead= 128 "{n" 129 "  "version": "$version",n" 130 "  "sp": "$sp",n" 131 "  "actions": n" 132 "  [n" 133  134 json= 135 jsontail= 136 "n  ]n" 137 "}n" 138  139 echo "exclude patterns: " 140 while read line 141 do 142     echo $line 143 done < "$patdiff" 144  145 # to avoid user not end file with n 146 if [ ! -z "$line" ]; then  147     echo "$line" 148 fi  149 echo ""

简单解说一下：

16-26：声明用到的变量；
28-34：如果命令行中含有 -t (verbose) 选项，则打印命令行各个参数；
37-70：使用 getopts 命令解析命令行，这个脚本接收以下选项：
- -o (old) 用于对比的旧目录；
- -n (new) 用于对比的新目录；
- -r (relative) 补丁包根目录相对于安装目录的位置，有时可能只针对安装目录的某个子目录进行 patch；
- -x (output) 输出补丁包的目录；
- -v (version) 补丁包版本号，写入配置文件用；
- -s (serial pack) 补丁号，写入配置文件用；
- -t (verbose) 详细输出；
- -e （exact mode) 配置文件中增加和替换文件项将按每项对应一段 json 的方式精确设置，否则按整个目录递归覆盖设置。
72-77：空路径校验；
79-83：替换路径中的反斜杠为斜杠，因 shell 会将反斜杠识别为转义字符的开始；
85-93：打印识别后的各选项，方便出问题时排错；
95-120：路径校验，包括：
- 对比目录不得为普通文件；
- 输出目录不得含有文件（防止将中间对比结果和上一次或其它对比结果放在一起打包）；
- 剔除输出目录与相对目录的结尾斜杠（方便后续处理）。
122-137：中间变量的定义，包含反编译中间文件、目录对比中间文件、忽略文件模式的中间文件以及生成配置文件的 json 头和尾；
139-149：在对比目录时，用户可以提供一个要忽略的文件模式（pattern）列表，例如不对比 [Dd]ebug、[Ss]ymbol、*.pdb 这些编译中间目录或文件，可以使用正则表达式，每行一个。这里打印这些 pattern 用于排错。

对比目录

经过前期的铺垫，进入第一个重头戏：

 1 if [ -f "$patdiff" ]; then  2     diff -qr "$srcdir" "$dstdir" -X "$patdiff" > "$dirdiff"  3 else  4     diff -qr "$srcdir" "$dstdir" > "$dirdiff"  5 fi   6   7 while read line  8 do  9     if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then  10         echo $line 11     fi  12  13     tmp=$(echo $line | sed -n 's/Files (.*) and (.*) differ$/1\n2/p') 14     if [ ! -z "$tmp" ]; then  15         left=$(echo -e $tmp | sed -n 1p) 16         right=$(echo -e $tmp | sed -n 2p) 17         if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then  18             echo -e "left =$left, nright=$right" 19         fi  20         …… 21     else  22         tmp=$(echo $line | sed -n 's/Only in (.*): (.*)/1\n2/p') 23         if [ ! -z "$tmp" ]; then  24             isdir=0 25             dir=$(echo -e $tmp | sed -n 1p) 26             file=$(echo -e $tmp | sed -n 2p) 27             if [ -d "$dir/$file" ]; then  28                 isdir=1 29             fi  30  31             if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then  32                 echo "dir=$dir, file=$file, isdir=$isdir" 33             fi 34             …… 35         else  36             echo "unrecognized diff output: $line" 37         fi  38     fi 39     echo "" 40 done < "$dirdiff"

这段代码省略了一些与对比目录无关的内容，便于看清整个大的流程：

1-5：根据是否有忽略模式文件来调用 diff，当存在这种文件时（上文中的 139-149），增加 -X 选项来添加忽略模式文件到对比目录过程(diff)；否则使用简单输出模式(-q)递归(-r)对比目录及其子目录，输出内容保存在 dir.diff 文件中；

7,8,40：遍历 dir.diff 文件内容，根据输出格式的不同，细分为以下几类场景：

两侧都有但文件内容不一致：“Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmIGMS/TypeRule4Bimface.json and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmIGMS/TypeRule4Bimface.json differ”，通过 sed 匹配例子中高亮部分关键字，就可以分别提取出旧文件与新文件的完整路径（分别为 sed 输出的第一二行，line 13-16）；
仅有旧目录有的内容：“Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/sdk: ViewerConfig.ini”；
仅有新目录有的内容：“Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE/sdk: Mesh.dll”，以上两种场景相似，通过 sed 匹配例子中高亮部分关键字，就可以分别提取出目录与文件了（line 22-26），至于是新目录还是旧目录，与新旧根目录做个对比就晓得了，这个后面再说；

两边文件一致：不会有任何输出（这里必需为 diff 命令使用 -q 选项，不然会将文件内容差异也展示出来，那就非常乱了）。下面是一段完整的对比输出（内容超长、展开慎重）：

Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/AppBimmake.exe and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/AppBimmake.exe differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/AppBimmakeImpl.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/AppBimmakeImpl.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/AppComponentEditor.exe and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/AppComponentEditor.exe differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/AppComponentEditorImpl.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/AppComponentEditorImpl.dll differ Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE: AppSocketPortConfig.exe Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE: AppSocketPortConfigImpl.dll Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BIMMAKE/Templates/bmDefaultTemplate.gbp and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BIMMAKE/Templates/bmDefaultTemplate.gbp differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmAnimation.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmAnimation.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmAnimationScript.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmAnimationScript.dll differ Only in C:/compare/BIMMAKE: BmAppSetting.xml Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmCommonDraw.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmCommonDraw.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmCommonEdit.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmCommonEdit.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmDataExchange.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmDataExchange.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmDrawingExport.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmDrawingExport.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmFalcon.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmFalcon.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmFamilyBridge.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmFamilyBridge.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmGbmpModel.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmGbmpModel.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmGbmpUiPlatform.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmGbmpUiPlatform.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmGgpUtility.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmGgpUtility.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmGuxActionConfig.json and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmGuxActionConfig.json differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmHotKeyConfig.xml and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmHotKeyConfig.xml differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmIGMS/TypeRule.json and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmIGMS/TypeRule.json differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmIGMS/TypeRule4Bimface.json and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmIGMS/TypeRule4Bimface.json differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmIGMSExport.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmIGMSExport.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmImportGfc.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmImportGfc.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmImportIfc.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmImportIfc.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmInterOpRevitProject.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmInterOpRevitProject.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmInteraction.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmInteraction.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmLicense.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmLicense.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmModel.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmModel.dll differ Files C:/compare/BIMMAKE.old/BmMultiThreadNetwork.dll and C:/compare/BIMMAKE/BmMultiThreadNetwork.dll differ Files 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文件内容对比

在上面目录对比过程中，如果两边文件都存在而只是内容不同，进入文件内容对比逻辑：

 1 # for windows command, parameter seperator is /  2 # and bash will autoexpand to DRIVE:/  3 # here use // to avoid expanding.  4 $win32/dumpbin //disasm "$left" | sed '5d' > "$srcasm"  5   6 # use sed '5d' to remove a line like :  7 # Dump of file Bin1334ReleaseGSUPService.exe  8 # which disturb the diff result by writing dir name   9 # remove it !! 10 $win32/dumpbin //disasm "$right" | sed '5d' > "$dstasm" 11  12 if [ $(cat "$srcasm" | wc -l) -gt 10 ] && [ $(cat "$dstasm" | wc -l) -gt 10 ]; then 13     # left & right are all valid PE format  14     resp=$(diff -q "$srcasm" "$dstasm") 15     if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then  16         echo "resp=$resp" 17     fi  18 else 19     resp="non PE format differs" 20     echo "$resp" 21 fi 22  23 if [ -z "$resp" ]; then  24     echo -e "   $left n== $right in asm, skip" 25 else 26     # need to replace 27     echo -e "   $left n!= $right" 28     relpath=$(get_relative_path "$srcdir" "$left") 29     if [ -z "$relpath" ]; then  30         echo "find relative path by source dir failed, try dest" 31         relpath=$(get_relative_path  "$dstdir" "$right") 32         if [ -z "$relpath" ]; then 33             echo "find relative path by dest dir failed, skip" 34             continue; 35         fi 36     fi 37  38     if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then  39         echo "relpath: $relpath" 40     fi  41  42     tarpath="$outdir/$setupdir$relpath" 43     copy_file "$right" "$tarpath" 44     itemcnt=$(($itemcnt+1)) 45     if [ $exactmode != 0 ]; then  46         # 1st argument represent zip folder 47         # 2nd argument represent install folder 48         # differs with copy order ! 49         replace_item "$setupdir$relpath" "$relpath" 50     fi 51 fi

这里需要考虑二进制可执行文件不能直接对比（同样的代码编译两次得到的可执行文件也不一样，这是因为 PE 文件中包含了生成时间、唯一 ID 等与代码无关的内容），因此需要将其先反编译为汇编文本，再对汇编语句进行对比。这里没有通过文件后缀(dll / exe)来判断是否为可执行文件，这是因为产品中总有一些 dll 有奇奇怪怪的后缀。这里统一采用 dumpbin 进行反汇编，如果成功就是可执行文件；反之就是普通的文本或二进制文件。

1-10：尝试使用 dumpbin 进行反汇编（注意使用 //disasm 来传递 win32 命令选项，因为 msys2 会将单独的 / 认为是根目录从而自动进行扩展、是我们不想要的）。下面是反汇编成功后的输出：
```
Microsoft (R) COFF/PE Dumper Version 12.00.40629.0 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.    File Type: DLL    0000000180001000: 45 8B C0           mov         r8d,r8d   ……   000000018000E202: CC                 int         3    Summary          1000 .data         1000 .pdata         7000 .rdata         1000 .reloc         1000 .rsrc         E000 .text 
```
可见 dumpbin 会输出一个占 5 行的头部信息，为了防止这个信息干扰后续的对比，这里使用 sed 删除前 5 行；
12-21：如果旧文件与新文件反汇编结果行数都大于10，说明两者都是可执行文件，去除前 5 行后进行反汇编内容的对比；否则是普通文件，不再进行对比（diff 已告诉我们它们不同）。下面是反汇编失败时的输出：
```
$ win32/dumpbin //disasm  C:/compare/BIMMAKE/FillPatternFileApiTestData/right.pat Microsoft (R) COFF/PE Dumper Version 12.00.40629.0 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.   Dump of file C:/compare/BIMMAKE/FillPatternFileApiTestData/right.pat C:/compare/BIMMAKE/FillPatternFileApiTestData/right.pat : warning LNK4048: Invalid format file; ignored    Summary 
```
可以看到一共只有 9 行输出，而一般成功的反汇编输出少则上百行、多则上万行，再少也不可能少于 10 行输出；
23-36：如果文件内容一样，跳过此文件；否则需要确定当前文件在对比目录中的相对路径。先尝试使用旧目录去获取，如果失败再尝试使用新目录去获取。这里获取相对目录的工作交由 get_relative_path 这个函数来完成，出于对整体的把握，这里不对这些细节展开介绍了；
42-50：通过上面获得的相对路径，就可以在输出目录构建目标文件全路径啦。复制文件的工作交由 copy_file 函数来完成，在内部它先创建对应的目录，然后调用 cp 完成文件复制。如果用户选择了 exact 模式，则将为每项在配置文件中添加一条 json 格式的替换记录 (通过 replace_item 函数)，格式类似于下面这样：
```
{   "type": "replace",   "target": "/Teigha/ACCAMERA_20.8src_14.tx",   "source": "setup/Teigha/ACCAMERA_20.8src_14.tx" }, 
```
对于非 exact 模式可以直接将整个目录递归覆盖到目标区域，因而不需要一条条的添加 json 配置。

单个文件处理

在上面的目录对比过程中，如果两边只有一个文件/目录存在，进入单个文件/目录处理逻辑：

 1 relpath=$(get_relative_path "$srcdir" "$dir")  2 if [ ! -z "$relpath" ]; then   3     # need to remove   4     echo -e "only in  $srcdir: (old)n         $dir/$file, nrelpath: $relpath/$file"  5     itemcnt=$(($itemcnt+1))  6     # 1st argument represent install folder  7     # differs with copy order !  8     delete_item "$relpath/$file" $isdir  9 else 10     relpath=$(get_relative_path "$dstdir" "$dir") 11     if [ ! -z "$relpath" ]; then  12         # need to add 13         echo -e "only in  $dstdir: (new)n         $dir/$file, nrelpath: $relpath/$file" 14         copy_file "$dir/$file" "$outdir/$setupdir$relpath/$file" 15         itemcnt=$(($itemcnt+1)) 16         if [ $exactmode != 0 ]; then  17             # 1st argument represent zip folder 18             # 2nd argument represent install folder 19             # differs with copy order ! 20             add_item "$setupdir$relpath/$file" "$relpath/$file" $isdir 21         fi 22     else 23         echo "unknown single file: $dir/$file" 24     fi 25 fi

如果单个文件项位于新目录，则新增文件项；如果位于旧目录，则删除：

1-8：计算单个文件项在旧目录的相对路径，如果结果不为空，表示文件项位于旧目录，否则位于新目录。删除文件的工作交由 delete_item 函数完成，其实就是在配置文件中加入一条删除记录：
```
{   "type": "delete",   "target": "/sdk/QProfile.txt" }, 
```
如果是单独的目录，则递归删除整个目录：
```
{   "type": "delete_dir",   "target": "/Share/ViewCoreResources/MaterialLibrary/textures/rainTextures" }, 
```
删除项是否添加是和 exact 模式无关的，因为目录的递归覆盖只能添加或替换文件，不能删除。

10-21：计算单个文件项在新目录的相对路径，此时结果一般是不为空的，调用 copy_file 函数复制新文件项到输出目录。当用户选择 exact 模式时，在配置文件中加入一条增加记录 (通过 add_item)：
```
{   "type": "add",   "target": "/Teigha/GripPoints_20.8src_14.tx",   "source": "setup/Teigha/GripPoints_20.8src_14.tx" }, 
```
如果是单独的目录，则递归增加整个目录：
```
{   "type": "add_dir",   "target": "//Libraries",   "source": "setup//Libraries" }, 
```
copy_file 通过给 cp 传递 -r 选项，可以很好的支持目录的递归拷贝。

生成配置文件

处理完各个文件和子目录以后，就可以生成升级需要的配置文件啦：

 1 # remove temporary files  2 if [ $verbose -eq 0 ]; then  3     # only remove temporary files   4     # when not in verbose mode  5     rm "$srcasm"  6     rm "$dstasm"  7     rm "$dirdiff"  8 fi   9  10 if [ $itemcnt -eq 0 ]; then  11     echo "no item add/replace/delete found, stop generating..." 12     exit 1 13 fi  14  15 if [ $exactmode -eq 0 ]; then  16     # not exact mode 17     # add setup dir totally 18     if [ -z "$reldir" ]; then  19         jsonitem=$(echo "     {n" 20         "      "type": "add_dir",n" 21         "      "target": ".",n" 22         "      "source": "$setupdir"n" 23         "    }") 24     else 25         jsonitem=$(echo "     {n" 26         "      "type": "add_dir",n" 27         "      "target": "$reldir",n" 28         "      "source": "$setupdir"n" 29         "    }") 30     fi 31  32     if [ $verbose != 0 ]; then  33         echo -e "$jsonitem" 34     fi 35  36     if [ -z "$json" ]; then  37         json="$jsonitem" 38     else  39         json="$json,n$jsonitem" 40     fi 41 fi  42  43 json="$jsonhead$json$jsontail" 44 echo -e "$json" > "$outdir/upgrade.json" 45 echo "upgrade.json created, $itemcnt items generated" 46 echo -e "$json"

由于之前在处理文件过程中已经将必要的配置信息生成好了，这里的工作其实很简单：

2-8：如果指定 verbose 选项，则保留中间文件用于排错，否则删除；
10-13：如果经过对比，没有任何差异，或两个目录都是空的，导致输出内容为空，则中止并退出整个打包脚本；
15-41：非 exact 模式下，需要添加一条 add_dir 配置来将输出目录中的所有文件递归覆盖到安装目录。如果用户指定了只替换安装目录中的某个子目录，这里需要调整一下目标路径(line 24-30)；
43-46：将各个 json 组装成完整内容并生成到输出目录，名称固定为 "upgrade.json"。

生成压缩包

所有内容就绪后就可以压缩成包上传到后台啦：

 1 tarpath="$outdir/*"  2 if [ "${tarpath/:/}" == "$tarpath" ]; then   3     # not contain ':', a relative path  4     # prefix ./ to avoid generate root dir in 7z  5     tarpath="./$tarpath"  6 fi  7   8 $win32/7z a "$setupdir.7z" "$tarpath"  9 resp=$? 10 if [ -z "$setupdir.7z" ]; then  11     echo "compressing failed: $resp" 12     exit 2 13 fi 14  15 mv "$setupdir.7z" "$outdir/$setupdir-$version-$sp.7z" 16 #echo "create 7zip compress packet OK" 17 exit 0

这里没有使用 tar cvzf 来生成 setup.tar.gz 文件，因为升级客户端只能接收 7z 格式的压缩包，这里使用 win32 版本的 7z 命令执行压缩过程。从另外的角度来讲，7z 压缩算法也是目前压缩率最高的算法，可以有效的降低网络传输的流量（7z 压缩率亲测高于 zip 及 gz）。这段代码比较简单，就不展开讲解了，最后会生成下面这样的文件结构：

$ ls -lhrt total 348M drwxr-xr-x 1 yunh 1049089    0 11月 17 19:18 setup/ -rw-r--r-- 1 yunh 1049089 147K 11月 17 19:19 upgrade.json -rw-r--r-- 1 yunh 1049089 348M 11月 17 19:19 setup-1.8.0.0-0.7z

所有需要添加和替换的文件都会被放在 setup 目录下，这样在递归替换时就可以避免将无关文件（例如 upgrade.json）替换到安装目录。生成的压缩包命名方式为：setup-version-sp.7z。非 exact 模式生成的配置文件内容如下：

{   "version": "1.8.0.0",   "sp": "0",   "actions":    [      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//BmRecentDocumentPathRecord.xml"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/小别墅.gbp"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/小别墅.png"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/老虎窗屋顶.gbp"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "/BmWelcomeTemplateFile/老虎窗屋顶.png"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "/CadIdentifier/DBErrorReport.txt"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//GPUDriverConfig.ini"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//MjLicense.dll"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//MjRichTextEditor.dll"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//MjUIArchitecture.dll"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//Packing4Rendering.dll"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//QProfile.txt"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//RecentDocumentPathRecord.xml"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//ViewerConfig.ini"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//algorithmLog.ini"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//gdpcore.1.txt"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "//gdpcore.txt"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "/sdk/QProfile.txt"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "/sdk/ViewerConfig.ini"      },      {        "type": "delete",        "target": "/sdk/algorithmLog.ini"      },      {        "type": "add_dir",        "target": ".",        "source": "setup"      }   ] }

所有新增及替换操作，全在最后一条 add_dir 配置项了。如果是 exact 模式的话，配置文件就会大很多了，它会针对每个新增、替换项生成一个类似上面删除项的条目，这里就不多做演示了。

用户图形界面

上面的脚本只能通过命令行界面 (CUI) 调用，那能不能将它嵌入到用户图形界面 (GUI) 呢？答案是可以的。

使用 shell 脚本自动对比两个安装目录并生成差异补丁包

上面这个程序是真的只做了界面。在获取用户完整输入后，它创建了一个匿名管道 (CreatePipe)，并将管道的一端作为新进程的标准输出 (stdout)、同时用参数构造新进程的命令行 (上面的脚本 diffpacker.sh 作为第一参数) 来启动 bash.exe 进程。当脚本在运行中产生输出时，程序通过匿名管道读取这些输出，并将它们重定向到 UI 底部的输出框，达到实时查看脚本输出的效果。

下载

由于不涉及到后台接口，这个小工具中的脚本、调用到的命令及图形界面源码和可执行程序都是可以完整下载的：https://files.cnblogs.com/files/goodcitizen/diffpacker.zip

有类似需求的同学，改改脚本就可以用啦。其中用到了 msys2，它是一个运行在 windows 上的 bash，我们常用的 git 就使用它作为 git bash 的技术支撑。之前我的不少文章也都涉及过它：

《查看博客园积分与排名趋势图的工具》、《用 shell 脚本做 restful api 接口监控》、《用 shell 脚本做日志清洗》，感兴趣的可以参考一下。

下面是 msys2 的主页，可以从这里获取 Windows 上的安装包：https://www.msys2.org/

后记

这个小工具后来在业务线得到了广泛使用，在某个大产品使用过程中还引发了一次血案，关于该案，我现在给大家梳理一下：

产品组有两个 dll 分别封装了基类 (base.dll) 和派生类 (derived.dll)；有一次产品组为基类添加了两个成员作为补丁版本，在 diff 过程中成功的识别出了 base.dll 被修改，但是没有将 derived.dll 识别出来，然后就这样没有经由本地验证就向外发布了；结果导致打过补丁的版本一启动就崩溃了，原因是 derived.dll 中旧的派生类和 base.dll 中新的基类二进制不兼容了。

后来他们通过紧急补丁修复了上述问题，在后面复盘问题的过程中，我手动检查了脚本的运行日志，发现确实没有识别出新旧 derived.dll —— 脚本认为它们是二进制相同的。后来查询了一些相关资料，了解到我的 dumpbin /disasm 只是反编译了可执行文件中的代码段，而其它一些段 (例如数据段) 则被遗漏了。上面这个例子中，父类的成员变化后，肯定会有相应的 section 会做出调整，但是我通过调整 dumpbin 的选项也没有对比出这个段在哪里。后来尝试使用 msys2 自带的 objdump 命令去反编译，它确实可以得到更丰富的内容，从而判断出新旧 derived.dll 是不同的，但验证同一段相同代码编译两次生成的 dll 进行对比时，它仍然会告诉我两个 dll 不同！所以我不能简单的使用 objdump 替换 dumpbin，因为如果它报告所有 dll 都不同的话，这实际上就没有意义了。最后，这段代码还是带着 bug 继续“上岗”了，产品组现在多了一个心眼儿，每次生成 patch 后都会亲自做一下验证。

这个故事从侧面说明之前产品组对我的工具的信任程度 —— 那是毫无保留信任啊，哈哈。然而我做这个小工具花了多长时间呢？其实也就一周左右，而且有很多时间是花费在调试 windows 与 shell 的一些不兼容之处，真正写业务代码也就不到一周。如果换作用 c++ 来写呢，我恐怕没有一个月是搞不定的了，这就是使用现成组件“搭积木”带来的效率优势。而 shell 作为各个命令之间的粘合剂，为实现这种装配式的开发提供了必要的支撑。现在回头来看 linux 的设计哲学 —— “有众多单一目的的小程序，一个程序只实现一个功能，多个程序组合完成复杂任务” —— 的的确确是一个法宝啊。

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