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自从CSS3流行以来，基于纯CSS3的动画就层出不穷，有纯CSS3的人物动画、纯CSS3按钮动画等。这次，我们给大家分享一个很不错的CSS3卡通火车沿轨道行驶动画，一辆卡通样式的火车缓缓驰过，特别是火车头的动画设计，非常可爱和逼真。
效果预览
代码实现
HTML代码
<div class="center"> <div class="mountains"></div> <div class="train"> <div class="engine-front"> <div class="chimney"> <div class="smoke"></div> <div class="smoke smoke-2"></div> <div class="smoke smoke-3"></div> <div class="smoke smoke-4"></div> </div> </div> <div class="engine-body"></div> <div class="compartment"> <div class="compartment-window"></div> </div> <div class="compartment compartment-two"> <div class="compartment-window"></div> </div> <div class="compartment compartment-three"> <div class="compartment-window"></div> </div> <div class="wheel-holder"> <div class="wheel"></div> <div class="wheel wheel-2"> <div class="wheel-joint"></div> <div class="wheel-joint wheel-joint-2"></div> </div> <div class="wheel wheel-3"></div> <div class="wheel wheel-4"></div> <div class="wheel wheel-5"></div> <div class="wheel wheel-6"></div> <div class="wheel wheel-7"></div> <div class="wheel wheel-8"></div> <div class="wheel wheel-9"></div> </div> </div> <div class="bridge"></div> </div>
HTML代码的结构非常清晰，总体来讲分两部分，一部分是作为背景的明月、高山以及星空，对应的CSS类为mountains；另一部分则是行驶的火车，对应的CSS类为train。
对于火车部分则相对比较复杂，有车头、引擎、轨道、车轮、车厢等元素，下面的CSS代码中会一一讲解。
CSS代码
背景部分绘制了两座高山，一轮明月以及清澈的星空。
.mountains { height: 100%; position: absolute; width: 100%; z-index: 1; } .mountains::before, .mountains::after { background: #000c18; background: -moz-linear-gradient(#012a53, #000c18 50%); background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#012a53, #000c18 50%); background: -o-linear-gradient(#012a53, #000c18 50%); background: -ms-linear-gradient(#012a53, #000c18 50%); background: linear-gradient(#012a53, #000c18 50%); content: ""; height: 100%; position: absolute; } .mountains::before { border-radius: 100% 300% 0 0; left: -20%; width: 57%; } .mountains::after { border-radius: 300% 100% 0 0; right: -20%; width: 80%; }
然后就是火车轨道的桥梁部分，也十分简单。
.bridge { border-bottom: 0.3rem solid white; border-top: 0.3rem solid white; background: black; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(55deg, transparent 46%, white 46%, white 54%, transparent 54%) left/1.6rem 2.2rem, -webkit-linear-gradient(-55deg, transparent 46%, white 46%, white 54%, transparent 54%) left/1.6rem 2.2rem; background: -moz-linear-gradient(55deg, transparent 46%, white 46%, white 54%, transparent 54%) left/1.6rem 2.2rem, -moz-linear-gradient(-55deg, transparent 46%, white 46%, white 54%, transparent 54%) left/1.6rem 2.2rem; background: -o-linear-gradient(55deg, transparent 46%, white 46%, white 54%, transparent 54%) left/1.6rem 2.2rem, -o-linear-gradient(-55deg, transparent 46%, white 46%, white 54%, transparent 54%) left/1.6rem 2.2rem; background: -ms-linear-gradient(55deg, transparent 46%, white 46%, white 54%, transparent 54%) left/1.6rem 2.2rem, -ms-linear-gradient(-55deg, transparent 46%, white 46%, white 54%, transparent 54%) left/1.6rem 2.2rem; background: linear-gradient(55deg, transparent 46%, white 46%, white 54%, transparent 54%) left/1.6rem 2.2rem, linear-gradient(-55deg, transparent 46%, white 46%, white 54%, transparent 54%) left/1.6rem 2.2rem; bottom: 10rem; height: 2.6rem; position: absolute; width: 100%; z-index: 1; }
在后面就是本动画的主体部分小火车了，其每一部分都有对应的CSS类来描述，请看代码：
.train { animation: move-train 24s linear infinite; bottom: 12.6rem; height: 10rem; position: absolute; left: calc(100% + 1.3rem); width: 44rem; z-index: 1; } .engine-front, .engine-front::before, .engine-front::after { background: #0f0f0f; background: linear-gradient(0deg, #0f0f0f, #262626, #0f0f0f); border: 0.1rem solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15); border-radius: 50% 0 0 50%; border-right: none; } .engine-front { animation: body-upDown 0.3s infinite; border-radius: 0.5rem 0 0 0.5rem; bottom: 1.4rem; height: 4.6rem; left: 0; position: absolute; width: 8rem; } .engine-front::before, .engine-front::after { content: ""; position: absolute; height: 70%; left: -0.9rem; top: 50%; transform: translate(0, -50%); width: 0.8rem; } .engine-front::after { height: 40%; left: -1.4rem; width: 0.5rem; } .chimney { background: #990000; height: 2.2rem; left: 2.5rem; position: absolute; top: -2.3rem; width: 1.7rem; } .chimney::before, .chimney::after { content: ""; position: absolute; } .chimney::before { animation: up-down 0.3s infinite; border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5rem solid transparent; border-right: 0.5rem solid transparent; border-top: 0.8rem solid orange; left: 50%; top: -0.9rem; transform: translate(-50%, 0); width: 160%; } .smoke { animation: move-smoke 0.4s linear infinite; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); border-radius: 50%; height: 1.4rem; left: 0.2rem; position: absolute; top: -1.5rem; width: 0.8rem; z-index: -1; } .smoke-2 { animation-delay: 0.1s; left: 0.4rem; } .smoke-3 { animation-delay: 0.2s; left: 0.6rem; } .smoke-4 { left: 0.8rem; } .engine-body { animation: body-upDown 0.3s 0.1s infinite; background: #b30000; background: linear-gradient(0deg, #330000, red, #990000); border-radius: 0 0 0.4rem 0; bottom: 1.4rem; height: 7rem; left: 8rem; position: absolute; width: 5rem; } .engine-body::before, .engine-body::after { content: ""; left: 50%; position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%, 0); } .engine-body::before { animation: up-down 0.3s 0.2s infinite; background: #660000; background: linear-gradient(0deg, #660000, #990000, #660000); border-radius: 50% 50% 0 0; height: 1.2rem; top: -1.2rem; width: 130%; } .engine-body::after { background: #b3e0f2; border-radius: 0.2rem; height: 40%; top: 1rem; width: 45%; } .wheel::before, .wheel::after { left: 50%; top: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } .wheel-holder { height: 2.8rem; bottom: 0; position: absolute; width: 100%; } .wheel { animation: rotate 2s linear infinite; background: orange; border: 0.3rem solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border-radius: 50%; height: 2.8rem; left: 1rem; position: absolute; width: 2.8rem; } .wheel-2 { left: 4.5rem; } .wheel-3 { border-width: 0.5rem; height: 3.8rem; left: 8.7rem; top: -1.1rem; width: 3.8rem; } .wheel-4 { left: 15.7rem; } .wheel-5 { left: 19.5rem; } .wheel-6 { left: 25.7rem; } .wheel-7 { left: 29.5rem; } .wheel-8 { left: 35.7rem; } .wheel-9 { left: 39.5rem; } .wheel::before, .wheel::after { content: ""; position: absolute; } .wheel::before { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); height: 86%; width: 0.2rem; } .wheel::after { background: #996300; background: -webkit-radial-gradient(circle at center, #b37400 30%, #996300 30%); background: -moz-radial-gradient(circle at center, #b37400 30%, #996300 30%); background: -o-radial-gradient(circle at center, #b37400 30%, #996300 30%); background: -ms-radial-gradient(circle at center, #b37400 30%, #996300 30%); background: radial-gradient(circle at center, #b37400 30%, #996300 30%); border-radius: 50%; height: 40%; width: 40%; } .compartment { animation: body-upDown 0.3s infinite; background: #186c8e; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#104b63 50%, #1f8dba); background: -moz-linear-gradient(#104b63 50%, #1f8dba); background: -o-linear-gradient(#104b63 50%, #1f8dba); background: -ms-linear-gradient(#104b63 50%, #1f8dba); background: linear-gradient(#104b63 50%, #1f8dba); border-radius: 0 0 0.3rem 0.3rem; bottom: 1.4rem; height: 5rem; left: 15rem; position: absolute; width: 8rem; } .compartment-two { animation: body-upDown 0.3s 0.1s infinite; left: 25rem; } .compartment-two .compartment-window::before { animation: up-down 0.3s 0.3s infinite; } .compartment-three { animation: body-upDown 0.3s 0.2s infinite; left: 35rem; } .compartment-three .compartment-window::before { animation: up-down 0.35s infinite; } .compartment::before, .compartment::after { background: black; border: 0.4rem solid transparent; bottom: 0.4rem; box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); content: ""; height: 0.8rem; position: absolute; width: 0.9rem; } .compartment::before { border-left: 0.4rem solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); left: -0.9rem; } .compartment::after { border-right: 0.4rem solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); left: -2rem; } .compartment-window { background: #1f8dba; background: -moz-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0.8rem, skyblue 0.8rem) left/2.4rem 100%; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0.8rem, skyblue 0.8rem) left/2.4rem 100%; background: -o-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0.8rem, skyblue 0.8rem) left/2.4rem 100%; background: -ms-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0.8rem, skyblue 0.8rem) left/2.4rem 100%; background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0.8rem, skyblue 0.8rem) left/2.4rem 100%; height: 40%; position: absolute; top: 0.7rem; width: 100%; } .compartment-window::before, .compartment-window::after { content: ""; position: absolute; } .compartment-window::before { animation: up-down 0.3s 0.1s infinite; background: #104b63; border-radius: 50% 50% 0 0; height: 0.6rem; left: 50%; top: -1.4rem; transform: translate(-50%, 0); width: 110%; }
到这里为止，我们已经用HTML和CSS代码将整个小火车以及周围的环境都绘制出来了。
那么最重要的一步便是让这辆小火车在桥梁上行驶起来，这就要用到CSS3的一些动画属性了，CSS3的动画帧闪亮登场。
@keyframes up-down { 0%, 100% { transform: translate(-50%, 0); } 50% { transform: translate(-50%, -0.3rem); } } @keyframes rotate { 100% { transform: rotate(-360deg); } } @keyframes move-train { 100% { transform: translateX(-154rem); } } @keyframes body-upDown { 0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); } 100% { transform: translateY(-0.2rem); } } @keyframes move-smoke { 0% { -webkit-filter: blur(0); -moz-filter: blur(0); -o-filter: blur(0); -ms-filter: blur(0); filter: blur(0); opacity: 1; } 50% { -webkit-filter: blur(0.2rem); -moz-filter: blur(0.2rem); -o-filter: blur(0.2rem); -ms-filter: blur(0.2rem); filter: blur(0.2rem); opacity: 0.6; transform: translate(0, -3rem) scale(2); } 100% { -webkit-filter: blur(0.3rem); -moz-filter: blur(0.3rem); -o-filter: blur(0.3rem); -ms-filter: blur(0.3rem); filter: blur(0.3rem); opacity: 0; transform: translate(2.5rem, -6rem) scale(3); } } @keyframes wheel-joint { 100% { transform: rotate(360deg); } }
这些动画中做了几件事情。
第一，让车厢盖子上下拍动，让动画小火车行驶的样子更加逼真。
第二，利用滤镜，非常生动地描绘出了小火车行驶过程中蒸汽机引擎冒出的蒸汽。
第三，让小火车整体在桥梁上周而复始地行驶，车轮也不停的转动。
到这里，整个小火车行驶的动画也就基本完成了。文章最后也将源码献给大家。
源码下载
完整的代码我已经整理出了一个源码包，供大家下载学习。
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