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所属分类：linux技术
Haproxy
目录
haproxy简介
HAProxy是一个使用C语言编写的自由及开放源代码软件，其提供高可用性、负载均衡，以及基于TCP和HTTP的应用程序代理。
HAProxy特别适用于那些负载特大的web站点，这些站点通常又需要会话保持或七层处理。HAProxy运行在当前的硬件上，完全可以支持数以万计的并发连接。并且它的运行模式使得它可以很简单安全的整合进您当前的架构中， 同时可以保护你的web服务器不被暴露到网络上。
HAProxy实现了一种事件驱动**, **单一进程模型，此模型支持非常大的并发连接数。多进程或多线程模型受内存限制 、系统调度器限制以及无处不在的锁限制，很少能处理数千并发连接。事件驱动模型因为在有更好的资源和时间管理的用户空间(User-Space) 实现所有这些任务，所以没有这些问题。此模型的弊端是，在多核系统上，这些程序通常扩展性较差。这就是为什么他们必须进行优化以 使每个CPU时间片(Cycle)做更多的工作。
包括 GitHub、Bitbucket、Stack Overflow、Reddit、Tumblr、Twitter和 Tuenti在内的知名网站，及亚马逊网络服务系统都使用了HAProxy。
负载均衡
二层负载均衡（mac）
用于虚拟mac地址方式，外部对虚拟mac地址请求，负载均衡接收后分配给后端实际的mac地址响应。
三层负载均衡（ip）
一般用于虚拟ip地址的方式，外部对虚拟ip地址请求，负载均衡接收后分配给后端实际的ip地址响应。
四层负载均衡（tcp）
在三层负载均衡的基础上，用ip+port接收请求，在转发到对应的机器上。
产品大概有：F5，lvs，nginx，haproxy......
七层负载均衡（http）
根据虚拟的url或者ip，主机名接收请求，在转发到相应的处理服务器上。
产品大概有：haproxy，nginx，apache，mysql proxy......
Haproxy搭建http负载均衡
环境
| 主机名称 | IP地址 | 需要安装的应用 | 系统版本 |
|---|---|---|---|
| client | 192.168.222.250 | 无 | redhat 8.2 |
| lvnanhai | 192.168.222.137 | haproxy | redhat 8.2 |
| RS1 | 192.168.222.138 | httpd | redhat 8.2 |
| RS2 | 192.168.222.139 | httpd | redhat 8.2 |
lvnanhai、RS1、RS2都关闭防火墙和selinux
lvnanhai:
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname lvnanhai.example.com [root@localhost ~]# bash [root@lvnanhai ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@lvnanhai ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config SELINUX= disabled [root@lvnanhai ~]# setenforce 0 [root@lvnanhai ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. RS1:
root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname RS1 [root@localhost ~]# bash [root@RS1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@RS1 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config SELINUX= disabled [root@RS1 ~]# setenforce 0 [root@RS1 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. RS2:
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname RS2 [root@localhost ~]# bash [root@RS2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@RS2 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config SELINUX= disabled [root@RS2 ~]# setenforce 0 [root@RS2 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. RS1和RS2部署httpd
RS1:
[root@RS1 ~]# dnf -y install httpd [root@RS1 ~]# echo RS1 > /var/www/html/index.html [root@RS1 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html RS1 [root@RS1 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service. RS2:
[root@RS2 ~]# dnf -y install httpd [root@RS2 ~]# echo RS2 > /var/www/html/index.html [root@RS2 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html RS2 [root@RS2 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service. lvnanhai源码安装haproxy
haproxy源码包下载网站地址
下载安装包
[root@lvnanhai ~]# wget https://src.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/haproxy/haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz/sha512/4728c1177b2bba69465cbc56b1ed73a1b2d36891ba2d94d29bb49714ad98ccfac4b52947735aded211f0cd8070002f5406ddd77cabd2f8230b00438189dd7a60/haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz [root@lvnanhai ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz 安装编译环境
[root@lvnanhai ~]# yum -y install make gcc pcre-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel systemd-devel 创建haproxy用户
[root@lvnanhai ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin haproxy 解压和安装
[root@lvnanhai ~]# tar xf haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz [root@lvnanhai ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg haproxy-2.1.3 haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz [root@lvnanhai ~]# cd haproxy-2.1.3/ [root@lvnanhai haproxy-2.1.3]# make clean [root@lvnanhai haproxy-2.1.3]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo |wc -l) > TARGET=linux-glibc > USE_OPENSSL=1 > USE_ZLIB=1 > USE_PCRE=1 > USE_SYSTEMD=1 [root@lvnanhai haproxy-2.1.3]# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy [root@lvnanhai haproxy-2.1.3]# cp haproxy /usr/sbin/ 设置Linux内核参数
[root@lvnanhai haproxy-2.1.3]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 //等于号前后都要空格 配置haproxy服务
[root@lvnanhai haproxy-2.1.3]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg [root@lvnanhai haproxy-2.1.3]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg global log 127.0.0.1 local0 info #log loghost local0 info maxconn 20480 #chroot /usr/local/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid #maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will #use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option dontlognull option httpclose option httplog #option forwardfor option redispatch balance roundrobin timeout connect 10s timeout client 10s timeout server 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 60000 retries 3 #--------------统计页面配置------------------ listen admin_stats bind 0.0.0.0:8189 stats enable mode http log global stats uri /haproxy_stats stats realm Haproxy Statistics stats auth admin:admin #stats hide-version stats admin if TRUE stats refresh 30s #---------------web设置----------------------- listen webcluster bind 0.0.0.0:80 mode http #option httpchk GET /index.html log global maxconn 3000 balance roundrobin cookie SESSION_COOKIE insert indirect nocache server web01 172.16.103.130:80 check inter 2000 fall 5 #server web01 192.168.80.102:80 cookie web01 check inter 2000 fall 5 启动haproxy，配置haproxy.service服务单元文件
[root@lvnanhai ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service [root@lvnanhai ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service [Unit] Description=HAProxy Load Balancer After=syslog.target network.target [Service] ExecStartPre=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -c -q ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -p /var/run/haproxy.pid ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target 配置日志信息
[root@lvnanhai ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages local0.* /var/log/haproxy.log //添加 [root@lvnanhai ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog.service [root@lvnanhai ~]# systemctl enable rsyslog.service [root@lvnanhai ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog.service [root@lvnanhai ~]# systemctl enable rsyslog.service 修改lvnanhai的内核参数
[root@lvnanhai ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf [root@lvnanhai ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf [root@lvnanhai ~]# sysctl -p net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 //等于号前后要空格 修改haproxy配置文件
[root@lvnanhai ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg [root@lvnanhai ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg global daemon maxconn 256 defaults mode http timeout connect 5000ms timeout client 50000ms timeout server 50000ms frontend http-in bind *:80 default_backend servers backend servers server web01 192.168.222.138:80 server web02 192.168.222.139:80 启动haproxy服务
如果没有使用systemd管理，则执行
[root@lvnanhai ~]# haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -c 如果配置systemd管理haproxy服务,则执行
[root@lvnanhai ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service [root@lvnanhai ~]# systemctl enable --now haproxy.service Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/haproxy.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service. 客户端验证
[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.222.137 RS1 [root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.222.137 RS2 [root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.222.137 RS1 [root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.222.137 RS2 使用WEB网页访问测试
[root@lvnanhai ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg [root@lvnanhai ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg global log 127.0.0.1 local0 info #log loghost local0 info maxconn 20480 #chroot /usr/local/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid #maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will #use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option dontlognull option httpclose option httplog #option forwardfor option redispatch balance roundrobin timeout connect 10s timeout client 10s timeout server 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 60000 retries 3 #--------------统计页面配置------------------ listen admin_stats bind 0.0.0.0:8189 stats enable mode http log global stats uri /haproxy_stats //访问网页后缀URL stats realm Haproxy Statistics stats auth admin:admin //用户名和密码 #stats hide-version stats admin if TRUE stats refresh 30s #---------------web设置----------------------- listen webcluster bind 0.0.0.0:80 mode http #option httpchk GET /index.html log global maxconn 3000 balance roundrobin cookie SESSION_COOKIE insert indirect nocache server web01 192.168.222.138:80 check inter 2000 fall 5 server web02 192.168.222.139:80 check inter 2000 fall 5 重启服务
[root@lvnanhai ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service [root@lvnanhai ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:8189 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* 网页访问测试
用户名和密码都为admin
