kickstart半自动安装centos系统与pxe自动安装centos系统

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T                     #Default Language默认语言                                  lang en_US                                                # Keyboard 键盘 keyboard 'us' # timezone 时区(勾选了"Use UTC clock" 会追加[--isUtc]) timezone Asia/Shanghai  # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$DBk7xfJp$Agxd303XUAfRKIf7gB8DG/ ==================================================== #Advanced Configuration       #勾选就有，不勾没有 ====================================================
# Reboot after installation reboot # Use text mode install text

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式 # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Upgrade existing installation upgrade # Use network installation #如果是光盘就会生成cdrom url --url="http://（服务器ip）/Centos/7/os/x86_64"

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式 # System bootloader configuration  bootloader --append="ker" --location=mbr --password="123" #append是内核参数，location是bootloader安装位置，password是GRUB密码

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式 # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --linux --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part / --fstype="xfs" --size=10240 part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=1024 part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式 # Network information network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式 # System authorization information auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=md5

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式 # SELinux configuration selinux  --disabled # Firewall configuration firewall  --disabled

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式 # Do not configure the X Window System （如果选了安图形则没有这个界面） skipx   # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --enable

如果包安装的界面不出现可选的包信息，那么需要修改yum仓库配置文件 [root@centos ~]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/***.repo [development] #把原来"[]"内的内容改成development，其它不变
#选了什么包就会生成对应的文件信息

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式
%packages
@development
-byacc
-indent
-intltool
-patchutils
-rcs
-subversion-swig
-systemtap
%end  #（必须以%end结尾）

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式 %pre    #（安装前脚本我一般都不写） echo i am pre  %end

#在kickstart应答文件中会生成以下格式 %post --nochroot #可以再安装后脚本中创建用户或创建yum源等等等等 useradd zxc echo 123456 |passwd --stdin zxc &> /dev/null mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/bak cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF [base] name=base baseurl=file:///misc/cd gpgcheck=0 EOF  %end

[root@centos7 ~]#vim  ks7.cfg #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T #version=DEVEL # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Keyboard layouts keyboard 'us' # Root password rootpw --iscrypted ...................(加密的密码)................ # System language lang en_US # System authorization information auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512 # Use text mode install text firstboot --disable # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled  # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Network information network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 #network  --hostname=centos7  #（此项为指定主机名可加可不加） # Reboot after installation reboot # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai # Use network installation url --url="http://（服务器ip）/centos/7/os/x86_64/" # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel ignoredisk --only-use=sda # Disk partitioning information part / --fstype="xfs" --size=10240 part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=1024 part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048

 %post
 useradd zxc
 echo 123456|passwd --stdin zxc 
 %end
之后把该文件放到服务器上如：/var/www/html/k/下

[root@centos7 ~]#mkdir –pv /data/myiso [root@centos7 ~]#cp -r /mnt/isolinux/ /data/myiso/ [root@centos7 ~]#vim /data/myiso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg label linux  menu label ^Auto Install CentOS Linux 7  kernel vmlinuz  append initrd=initrd.img quiet ks=http://10.0.0.18/k/ks7.cfg label rescue  menu label ^Rescue a CentOS Linux system  kernel vmlinuz  append initrd=initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.18/centos/7/os/x86_64/ rescue  quiet label local  menu default  menu label Boot from ^local drive  localboot 0xffff [root@centos7 ~]#cp /root/myks.cfg /data/myiso/ [root@centos7 ~]#dnf -y install mkisofs [root@centos7 ~]#mkisofs -R -J -T -v --no-emul-boot --boot-load-size 4 --bootinfo-table -V "CentOS 8.0 x86_64 boot" -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -o /root/boot.iso /data/myiso/ #从而生成boot.iso光盘

[root@centos8 ~]#dnf -y install dhcp-server tftp-server httpd syslinux-nonlinux  [root@centos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now httpd tftp dhcpd 

[root@centos8 ~]#cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example  /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf [root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf  option domain-name "example.com"; option domain-name-servers 180.76.76.76,223.6.6.6; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; log-facility local7; subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {  range 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.200;  option routers 10.0.0.1;  next-server 10.0.0.100;  filename "pxelinux.0"; } [root@centos8 ~]#systemctl start dhcpd

[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7,8}/os/x86_64/  [root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/ [root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/ [root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr2 /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/

[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /var/www/html/k/         #应答文件可根据需求可自行更改，也可参考“一”生成的文件 [root@centos8 ~]#vim /var/www/html/k/ks6.cfg   install text reboot url --url=http://10.0.0.18/centos/6/iso/x86_64/ lang en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp  --noipv6 rootpw --iscrypted $6$loeMb/DwOAMWO9MT$lvxCJFWGgvkfhk4u3mez23BCzNS4bv.yAMcObpH/zzzwoJ.kJriKpyh1YG7gBQYDfFXr8UOV9dco2lS54ag/50 firewall --disabled authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 selinux --disabled timezone Asia/Shanghai bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet" zerombr clearpart --all --initlabel part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=1024 part / --fstype=ext4 --size=50000 part /data --fstype=ext4 --size=30000 part swap --size=2048 %packages @core @server-policy @workstation-policy autofs vim-enhanced %end %post useradd zxc echo asd9420 | passwd --stdin zxc &> /dev/null mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/bak cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF [base] name=base baseurl=file:///misc/cd gpgcheck=0 EOF %end
================================================================================ [root@centos8 ~]#vim /var/www/html/k/ks7.cfg  install xconfig  --startxonboot keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us' rootpw --iscrypted $6$xI3rPwQBFxqTNl1M$Imk2HHxf3jTIy1qVzBn/DAYX6RJLbc2amakegO/fQgmQ.6NJBEOBufkHx2B10ZXfScr/SExe.j5j1BDfqM4J21 url  --url="http://10.0.0.18/centos/7/iso/x86_64" lang en_US.UTF-8 auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512 text firstboot  --enable selinux  --disabled skipx services  --disabled="chronyd" ignoredisk  --only-use=sda firewall  --disabled network   --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 reboot timezone  Asia/Shanghai --nontp autopart --type=lvm zerombr clearpart  --all --initlabel %post useradd zxc echo asd9420 | passwd --stdin zxc & >/dev/null %end %packages @^minimal vim-enhanced %end 
======================================================================================
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /var/www/html/k/ks8.cfg   ignoredisk --only-use=sda zerombr clearpart --all --initlabel text url --url=http://10.0.0.18/centos/8/iso/x86_64 keyboard --vckeymap=cn --xlayouts='cn' lang zh_CN.UTF-8 firewall --disabled network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens160 --ipv6=auto --activate network  --hostname=CentOS8 rootpw --iscrypted $6$loeMb/DwOAMWO9MT$lvxCJFWGgvkfhk4u3mez23BCzNS4bv.yAMcObpH/zzzwoJ.kJriKpyh1YG7gBQYDfFXr8UOV9dco2lS54ag/50 firstboot --enable skipx services --disabled="chronyd" timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp user --name=zxc --password=$6$L/YFB8zwDbSjnHQK$vkKhMNIKIqZKHsvPzUaud.BuKYKwnaHUl.4lbA9Nkesbjbpdec6eNi5j3msQ285LUx7.3kgM5AirHz/4Fvjut. --iscrypted --gecos="zxc" selinux --disabled reboot autopart --type=lvm %packages @^minimal-environment @container-management @legacy-unix @network-server @rpm-development-tools @security-tools @system-tools kexec-tools %end %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto' %end %anaconda pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty %end %post useradd zxc echo asd9420 | passwd --stdin zxc & >/dev/null %end 

[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos{6,7,8} #准备CentOS6，7，8各自的内核相关文件 [root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img}  /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6 [root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img}  /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7 [root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} 　/var/lib/tftpboot/centos8 [root@centos8 ~]#cp /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/ 
#以下三个文件是CentOS8安装所必须文件，CentOS6，7则不需要 [root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/{ldlinux.c32,libcom32.c32,libutil.c32}  /var/lib/tftpboot/ #生成安装菜单文件 [root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/ [root@centos8 ~]#vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default menu.c32
timeout 60

menu title CentOS Linux 678

label linux8
  menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^8
  kernel centos8/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos8/initrd.img quiet ks=http://10.0.0.18/k/ks8.cfg

label linux7
  menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^7
  kernel centos7/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos7/initrd.img quiet ks=http://10.0.0.18/k/ks7.cfg

label linux6
  menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^6
  kernel centos6/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos6/initrd.img quiet ks=http://10.0.0.18/k/ks6.cfg


label rescue    #参考这个也可以生成6,7的救援菜单，不生成也不影响启动
  menu label ^Rescue a CentOS Linux system
  kernel centos8/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos8/initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.18/centos/8/iso/x86_64/ rescue   quiet
      
label local
  menu default
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xffff